Tomato Cultivation (2)

Tomato is an important horticultural commodities, but its production both in quantity and quality is still low. This is due among other things the hard ground, poor micro nutrients and hormones are not balanced fertilization, pest and disease, the influence of weather and climate, and farmers' cultivation technical
PT. Natural Nusantara effort to assist farmers in increasing production in Quantity and Quality by maintaining the preservation of the environment (aspect of K-3), so that farmers can compete in the era of free trade.

A.Phase prior to planting

1. Growing Conditions>
- Tomatoes can be planted in the lowland / highland
- The soil is loose, porous and fertile, clay containing a little sand and pH between 5-6
- Rainfall 750-1250 mm / year, high rainfall can inhibit persarian.
- High relative humidity around 25% will stimulate the growth of young plants due to assimilation of CO2 for the better through the stomata to open more, but will also stimulate microbial pest and it is harmful to plants

2. Cropping Pattern
- Plants that are encouraged are corn, rice, sorghum, cabbage and beans
- Recommended planting or crop intercropping system is interrupted to give the state a less preferred by the organism remains confounding

3. Land Preparation
- Select friable and fertile land not previously planted with tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, tobacco and potatoes.
- To reduce genangilah soil nematodes in the soil with water for two weeks
- When the low pH give kg/1000 150 m2 of dolomite lime and mix evenly distributed and at the age of 2-3 weeks before planting
- Make a bed width of 120-160 cm and 40-50 cm in double rows to single row
- Make a trench 20-30 cm wide between the beds with a depth of 30 cm for water drainage.
- Provide basic fertilizer 4 kg Urea / TSP ZA + 7.5 kg + 4 kg of KCl per 1000 m2 above the bed, stir and evenly with the soil
- Or if you use NPK Compound Fertilizer (15-15-15) dose ± 20 kg / 1000 m2 mixed at ground level above the bed.
- NASA POC Pour fertilizer was mixed in water evenly over the bed dose botol/1000 1-2 m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER NASA (dose ± 1-2 botol/1000 m2) by:
- Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 lt water was given 200 cc of solution to flush the parent before bed.
- Alternative 2: every one yells volume of 10 lt was given a spoon to eat SUPER NASA pressed to flush + 10 meters bedengan
- Spread the Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets which have been mixed manure (+ 1 week) evenly over the bed in the afternoon
- If you use plastic Mulching, cover bed at noon
- Let stand for 5-7 days before planting
- Make the planting hole with a distance of 60 x 80 cm or 60 x 50 cm above the bed, 7-8 cm diameter, 15 cm deep

4. Seed Selection
- Select resistant varieties and types Hybryda (F1 Hybryd)
- Seed leaf leaf blade 5-6 (25-30 HSS = days after seeding) to move into the field
- To reduce the initial stress growth need watering once a day on the afternoon before planting or in the morning (in order to humid)

B. Phase seedbed (0-30 HSS)

- Prepare growing media which is a mixture of soil and manure 25-30 kg + Natural GLIO (1:1)
- Put in a plastic polybag or banana or coconut leaves contongan
- Sebarlah seed evenly or enter one by one in polybag
- After the seeds 8-10 days old, select good seed, strong and healthy move in banana leaves or dikepeli bumbunan containing a mixture of growing media
- Watering is done every day (see the condition of the soil)
- Spraying NASA POC at the age of 10 and 17 days with a dose of 2 cap / tank


C. PHASE planting (0-15 DAT = Days After Planting)

- Beds irrigated the previous day (dilep) formerly
- Ready for planting seedlings aged 3-4 weeks, 5-6 leaved
- Investment in the afternoon
- Open plastic polybags
- Immerse the seeds in a shallow base of the stem and on the boundary with the surrounding soil backfilled
- Finish planting NASA POC immediately doused with a dose of 2-3 cap per 15 liters of water +
- Sulam plants that die until the age of two weeks, how the plants are dead, damaged, faded or normal growth is not revoked, then created a new planting hole, cleaned and then the seed is planted Natural GLIO
- Irrigation carried out every day until the tomatoes grow normally (Java: lilir), being careful not to be excessive because the plant grows, is not able to absorb nutrient elements and susceptible to disease
- Examine soil pests such as caterpillars and the caterpillars grayak. If there are attacks by Natural Spray VITURA
- Observe diseases such as Fusarium wilt or bacterial diseases and late blight, control by spraying Natural GLIO sugar mixed 1:1. For virus diseases, such as vector control Thrips, lice kebul (Bemissia tabaci), sissy (Aphis sp.), Flea peach (Myzus sp.) And mites (Tetranichus sp.) By spraying the BVR or alternately PESTONA
- Put the stake as early as possible so the roots are not damaged marker punctured with 10-20 cm distance from the stem of tomato

D. Vegetative stage (15-30 DAP)

- If no mulch, weeding and pembubunan at age 28 at the same HST penggemburan and aftershocks followed pengguludan fertilizer plant
- Having live plants around a week since planting, fertilizer urea and KCl with a ratio of 1:1 for each plant (1-2 grams), give the plants at a distance of around ± 3 cm from the stem of the tomato plant is then covered with soil and water flush
- Fertilization of both age 2-3 weeks after planting a mixture of urea and KCl (± 5 g), provide around the plant stem as far and as deep as ± 5 cm ± 1 cm, then covered the soil and flush with water.
- When the age of 4 weeks has not been fertile plants still look Urea and KCl can be fertilized again (7 grams). Fertilization distance from the stem is made even more distant (± 7 cm).
- If you do not need to wear Mulching and weeding and fertilizer pembubunan aftershocks given by way dikocorkan
- Sprinkling performed in the morning or late afternoon
- Observe pests and diseases such as caterpillars, flea-alliance, wilt and viral diseases, such as in case of attack control in the cropping phase
- Spray NASA POC (closed 4-5) per tank or NASA POC (closed 3-4) + HORMONIK (one cap) once every seven days.
- Plants that have reached the height of 10-15 cm should be tied to the stake and every height + 20 cm increases should be tied more to tomato stems upright.
- Binding not too closely with the model number 8, so there is no friction between the rod with a marker that can cause injury.

E. Generative phase (30-80 DAP)

1. Crop Management
- If no mulch, weeding and second pembubunan done 45-50 days old
- To stimulate flowering at the age of 32 do perempelan HST unproductive shoots once every 5-7 days, so stay 1-3 primary branches / plant
- Perempelan morning so that should scar rempelan dry quickly in a way; bud tip is held with clean hands and moved from side to side until bud break. Tunas are already a large branches should be cut with a knife or scissors, while the height is limited perempelan plants must be careful to not come last shoots dirempel so that the plant is not too short
- Height of plants can be restricted by cutting the tip of the plant when the number reached 5-7 pieces of fruit dompolan
- NASA POC and HORMONIK Spray every 7-10 days with a dose of 3-4 and 1-2 NASA POC lid closed HORMONIK / tank. - To not be easily removed by rain water and evenly add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810 with a dose of 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.

2. Observations Pests and Diseases
- Larva of fruit (Helicoperva armigera and Heliothis sp.). Symptoms of fruit with holes and dirt accumulate in the infected fruit. Perform collection and destruction of infected tomato fruit, spray with PESTONA
- Fruit fly (Brachtocera or Dacus sp.). Symptoms of esophageal fruit rot fungi and when the fruit will split the larvae look white. - - Nature agravator, ie as a vector of disease fungi, bacteria and Drosophilla sp. Collect and burn the infected fruit, use fruit fly trap male (can be mixed with insecticides)
- Rot leaves (Phytopthora infestans), leaf and fruit spot (Alternaria solani) and antraknose fruit rot (Colletotrichum coccodes). If there are attacks by Natural Spray GLIO
- If the pest control using natural pesticides (PESTONA, GLIO, VITURA) can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. Spraying of chemical pesticides in order to more evenly and not easily lost by rain water add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
- Rot end of the fruit. End of the fruit looks dark circles and decay. This deficiency symptoms of Ca (Calcium). Give Dolomite.

F. PHASE & POST HARVEST HARVEST (80-130 DAP)

- Harvest at the age of 90-100 days after planting with the characteristics; fruit skin color changed from green to yellowish, the edges of older leaves, dried, stems yellow, in the morning or late afternoon when the weather clears. Twisted fruit until the fruit stalk is lost. Pemuntiran fruit is selected one by one and ready to pick fruit. Enter a basket and place it in the shade
- Interval BUD 2-3 days.
- To be durable, it does not quickly decay and not easily bruised, the fruit is consumed fresh tomatoes will be harvested half-ripe
- Either for freight containers are wooden crates with slotted boards and do not slam
- Beware of fruit rot diseases Antraknose, collect and destroy
- The tomatoes that have been picked, cleaned, sorted and then transported in packing ready for consumption.
from various sources